Abstract
In order to improve the efficiency and quality of transplanting vegetables in dry land, based on the seedling technology, transplanting effect and analysis of the planting process, a potted vegetable seedlings transplanting machine was designed. It mainly comprised rotary disc type feeding mechanism, five-bar duckbill type planting mechanism (simulated duckbill mechanism, disc cam, connecting rod, crank, fork, cable) and power transmission system. Based on the physical parameters of the seedlings and design requirements, it was determined that the diameter of the duckbill was D=90 mm, the opening and closing angle was 25°, and the taper angle was 17°. A test bench with adjustable parameters was built by analyzing the structure of the planting mechanism and the motion of the working process. The digital speckle technique was used to optimize the parameters, so that the length of the crankshaft Ι was S1=100 mm, the length of the crankshaft ΙΙ was S2= 80 mm, the length of the connecting rod Ι was S3=140 mm, the length of the connecting rod ΙΙ was S4=260 mm, the length of rod to connecting the rack was S6=314 mm, and the height of planting track was H=450 mm. According to the above parameters and the control requirements of the duckbill mechanism, the cam stroke was determined to be S=15 mm. And the initial phase difference between the two cams was 180°. The experiment was carried out with pepper seedlings as transplanting objects. The results showed that when the planting frequency was 50-70 plants/min, the seedling upright rate was 93%-91.1%, the planting depth qualified rate was 96%-92%. The leakage rate was 0-0.26%, the variation coefficient of plant spacing was 0.37%-0.67%, the injury rate was 0%, and the mechanical damage degree of the mining surface was 2.43-3.77 mm/m2. The machine can effectively improve the quality of transplanting, which can meet the production needs and design requirements of the mechanism. Keywords: seedling transplanting, planting mechanism, digital speckle, parameter optimization, test analysis DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201301.5494 Citation: Jin X, Cheng Q, Zhao B, Ji J T, Li M Y. Design and test of 2ZYM-2 potted vegetable seedlings transplanting machine. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(1): 101–110.
Highlights
China is a big country in vegetable production and consumption
According to the type of planter, it can be divided into clamp type, flexible disc type, hanging cup type, guide seed tube type, double conveyor belt type, slide branching wheel type and duckbill type
In order to improve the quality of transplanting operation, domestic scholars had done a lot of meaningful exploration and research on planting mechanism
Summary
Improving vegetable quality and yield and significant economic benefits[7]. Due to the lack of systematic research on seedling conditions, transplanting conditions and effects, the efficiency of dryland semi-automatic transplanting machines was still low. Typical examples were the German A821 planter, the Italian Aotema planter, the Japanese A-500 Kubota transplanter, the US DZCHC-DIP transplanter, the French Pearson dry field automatic transplanter, the Netherlands Model4000 transplanter, Finland RT-2 transplanter These models still had problems such as complicated structure, low productivity, and high quality requirements for seedling cultivation[18,19,20,21]. In order to improve the quality of transplanting operation, domestic scholars had done a lot of meaningful exploration and research on planting mechanism. Faced with huge market demand, improving the efficiency and the quality of transplanting machines has become an urgent problem to be solved To this end, this paper developed a semi-automatic potted vegetable seedlings transplant machine based on vegetable seedling conditions, seedling shape parameters and transplanting effect. In order to verify the performance of the machine, it was tested in the field at different transplanting frequencies
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