Design and simulation of strip loaded and rib waveguide with integration of 2D material

Sandhya Jainth

doi:10.17485/ijst/v13i40.1648

Abstract

Objective- To design Graphene-Silicon based rib waveguide and reduce the losses in the strip in order to meet the requirement for ultra-fast & ultrahigh optical bandwidth communication and computing in integrated optical devices. Method –Propagation losses and effective refractive index are the two key parameters. In order to meet the objective, the effects of Graphene for manufacturing passive devices/components in the field of Integrated Photonic like integrated optical waveguide have been analysed by measuring the changes in propagation losses and effective refractive index of the silicon photonics devices for operating at different wavelengths. Findings- We have presented the design and simulation of SOI (Silicon-on-Insulator) platforms with 2D layer materials (graphene) which has been used along with their mode of propagation, effective refractive index (ne f f ), propagation losses (dB/cm) and varying wavelength range for optimum performance. In addition to this, we have also calculated the boundary limit for both the speed and bandwidth. We also reported the development of Silicon rib waveguide, Graphene-Silicon based rib waveguide and Ge on SOI with graphene later at the top of strip waveguide.Minimum loss of strip waveguide is 2.9 dB/cm which has been obtained for Mid-IR wavelength generally used for high power mid- IR sensing.

Highlights

Photonics bears a fundamental concept with various technologies for the transmitting and signal processing of light
The schematic structure of the silicon photonic Rib waveguide is shown in Figure 1 (a)
Each mode propagates through the waveguide with a phase velocity of c/ne f f, where c is the speed of light in vaccum and ne f f is the effective refractive index felt by that mode

Summary

Introduction

Photonics bears a fundamental concept with various technologies for the transmitting and signal processing of light. Light confinement is only in one direction i.e. perpendicular to the interfaces In this way, the radiation travelling in the 2D waveguide can propagate without suffering diffraction, which would otherwise lead to a power loss [10]. A crystalline of allotropy of carbon with two dimensions, can exhibit a large diversity of physical behaviours ranging from wide band insulator to narrow gap semiconductor to semi-metal or metal It offers aggravating opportunities for multifarious photonics and optoelectronics function enabling new conceptual photonics devices based on conventional bulk materials [18] [19]. Analysis of SOI (Silicon-on-Insulator) platforms with 2D layer materials (graphene) used along with their mode of propagation, effective refractive index (ne f f ), propagation losses (dB/cm) and wavelength range is presented. In our design simulation of Ge – SOI with graphene layer at the top of strip waveguide, we have obtained a minimum loss of ∼ 2.9 dB/cm for Mid-IR wavelength which is used for high power midIR sensing and is much better in comparison with the propagation loss of 3.5 dB/cm reportedin graphene- silicon waveguide at the Mid-IR wavelength [21]

Design of the silicon photonic rib waveguide

Simulation of rib waveguide with width variations

Design of the Graphene Silicon based rib waveguide

Design of Graphene-on-Germanium SOI strip waveguide

Conclusion