Abstract

We present design and simulation of three-dimensional shell structures with near-zero-index (NZI) characteristics that generate directive radiation patterns from isotropic sources. Both homogenized and actual models involving periodic arrangements of unit cells are investigated via accurate solvers based on surface integral equations. Geometric properties of the shells are studied for the purpose of high-quality beams and favorable radiation patterns, such as low side-lobe levels. Various strategies to enhance or suppress selected beams to form alternative beam configurations are also discussed to demonstrate extensive capabilities of NZI shells for diverse applications.

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