Abstract
This paper reports the novel design of a touch mode capacitive pressure sensor (TMCPS) system with a wireless approach for a full-range continuous monitoring of ventricular pressure. The system consists of two modules: an implantable set and an external reading device. The implantable set, restricted to a 2 × 2 cm2 area, consists of a TMCPS array connected with a dual-layer coil, for making a reliable resonant circuit for communication with the external device. The capacitive array is modelled considering the small deflection regime for achieving a dynamic and full 5–300 mmHg pressure range. In this design, the two inductive-coupled modules are calculated considering proper electromagnetic alignment, based on two planar coils and considering the following: 13.56 MHz frequency to avoid tissue damage and three types of biological tissue as core (skin, fat and muscle). The system was validated with the Comsol Multiphysics and CoventorWare softwares; showing a 90% power transmission efficiency at a 3.5 cm distance between coils. The implantable module includes aluminum- and polyimide-based devices, which allows ergonomic, robust, reproducible, and technologically feasible integrated sensors. In addition, the module shows a simplified and low cost design approach based on PolyMEMS INAOE® technology, featured by low-temperature processing.
Highlights
This work addresses a new alternative for measuring blood pressure, using a novel LC sensor arrangement, which can overcome some restrictions that are due to the reduced implantation area available at the left ventricle (LV)
Regarding sensors placed inside the human body for the measurements and wireless transmission of physiological parameters, some cases were proposed since several decades ago
We report the design of a new sensor scheme capable of measuring ventricular blood pressure, which will allow for the continuous monitoring of some diseases such as heart failure, aortic aneurysms and hypertension
Summary
This work addresses a new alternative for measuring blood pressure, using a novel LC sensor arrangement, which can overcome some restrictions that are due to the reduced implantation area available at the left ventricle (LV). In 2006, Fonseca et al [22] described the first flexible wireless pressure sensor for monitoring abdominal aortic aneurysms This device was fabricated using a flexible polymer and ceramics which incorporated using lamination techniques, in order to implement a passive resonant circuit. This work represents one of the first academic contributions about implanted blood pressure monitors with strong consideration for biocompatibility and minimally invasive functionality, the device precision showed limitations by signal drift and the distance of the electromagnetic transmission. ® technology,The by fabrication process was designedconsidering according to the PolyMEMS which this sensor can be adapted for monitoring the pressure in different organs, as the aorta, is featured by a low-temperature processing, considering materials for assuring such biocompatibility.
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