Abstract
Phased arrays can compensate for the spatial phase delay of different antenna elements of an antenna array so that a certain phase distribution can be realized to focus the beam at different angles [1]. With the developed requirements for wireless communication systems as well as the spectrum shortage at conventional cellular frequencies, multi-beam antenna systems have been proposed and studied [2]. Lenses can be used for improving the scanning coverage of antennas and are widely applied in beamforming systems. Most of the studies of lens-based beamforming systems use planar lenses and convex lenses, such as the metasurface lens antenna [3]. Concave and plano-concave lenses are merging recently, following the popular investigation of convex lenses for antennas. For example, the focus and angular power distribution of the bi- and plano-concave lens are analyzed in [4]. Also, a lens-antenna with two plano-concave lenses and 3-element antenna arrays is investigated in [5].
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