Abstract
As crystalline molecular materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have unique chemical and physical properties, such as ultrahigh porosity, tunable structure, and high thermal and chemical stability. These characteristics make MOFs suitable for use in gas storage, separation, catalysis, biomedical imaging and sensing. Precise chemical modifications can especially endow MOFs with specific functions and offer the possibility of designing a new generation of sensing devices. This article focuses on the design of functional MOFs and signal-transduction strategy, including optical, electrochemical, mechanical, and photoelectrochemical schemes, for analytical applications in detection of solvent molecules, metal ions, DNA, proteins, and other important biomolecules.
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