Abstract

SPECTRA (Surface Processes and Ecosystem Changes through Response Analysis) is a planned spaceborne multiangular hyperspectral and thermal imaging spectrometer in phase A early design led by ESA's earth observation group. Its mission is to describe, understand and model the role of terrestrial vegetation in the global carbon cycle and its response to climate variability. Even though the project has been terminated in November 2005, many results of the phase A studies are considered to be useful as input to future missions. The SPECTRA end-to-end simulator is intended to be used to test different aspects of the SPECTRA mission concept and for tuning the retrieval algorithms as well as assessing their performances. The intention of this ESA-commissioned study was not to build an actually working simulator, but to conceive an architecture for a simulator to be built during phase B of the SPECTRA design, as well as perform a limited validation of this architecture. The software architecture for the future SPECTRA end-to-end simulator has been designed to be modular, flexible and distributed. It consists of a central control unit with associated database, which is controlled and monitored via an internet-accessible web interface, and a flexible number of modules performing the actual calculations. The list of simulator modules currently includes but is not limited to state-of-the-art developments in radiative transfer (Onera), instrument modelling (ESA), atmospheric correction (Onera), and various level 2 algorithms (Alterra). Assimilation models and global carbon flux models are linked to the simulator via the SPECTRA field segment database (RSL and Princeton), for which a high level schema has been defined. The simulator structure has been validated using full end-to-end simulations from ground data to top-of-atmosphere, through the SPECTRA instrument simulator provided by industry, and back again. Test data from the Barrax field site are used for this purpose (University of Valencia).

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