Abstract
Since the 1990s research and development of digital feedforward active noise reduction (ANR) based on least-mean-square (LMS) algorithms has shown that significant gains in noise reduction can be achieved for circumaural hearing protectors. However, to-date digital feedforward hearing protection devices have not penetrated the market. This presentation reviews prior research in feedforward ANR for circumaural devices, along with the opportunities and challenges for commercialization of the technology. The effect of noise source characteristics, specifically stationarity and dynamic range, on stability and performance of LMS filters is examined. Research on hybrid ANR architectures combining LMS filters and digital feedback ANR is reviewed, showing that robust performance with stability margins required for a commercial product can be achieved with such systems. The role of ANR in enhancing speech intelligibility is outlined, along with research needed to develop standards for measurement of stability, ANR performance, and speech intelligibility afforded by digital feedforward ANR devices. The paper concludes with a presentation of opportunities offered by feedforward ANR in intra-aural and supra-aural hearing protection devices.
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