Abstract
The diffraction endstation of the NanoMAX beamline is designed to provide high-flux coherent X-ray nano-beams for experiments requiring many degrees of freedom for sample and detector. The endstation is equipped with high-efficiency Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror focusing optics and a two-circle goniometer supporting a positioning and scanning device, designed to carry a compact sample environment. A robot is used as a detector arm. The endstation, in continued development, has been in user operation since summer 2017.
Highlights
NanoMAX, the hard X-ray nanoprobe of MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden, is designed to exploit the exceptionally low emittance of a 3 GeV storage ring to provide diffractionlimited focused X-ray beams in the energy range between 5 and 28 keV (Johansson et al, 2021)
The endstation is equipped with highefficiency Kirkpatrick–Baez mirror focusing optics and a two-circle goniometer supporting a positioning and scanning device, designed to carry a compact sample environment
This unit is placed in a vacuum chamber supported by an alignment system according to the MAX IV standard with three vertical, two transversal and one longitudinal support
Summary
NanoMAX, the hard X-ray nanoprobe of MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden, is designed to exploit the exceptionally low emittance of a 3 GeV storage ring to provide diffractionlimited focused X-ray beams in the energy range between 5 and 28 keV (Johansson et al, 2021). The second, the diffraction endstation, placed in a separate experimental hutch, is based on a complementary approach and is at the focus of this article It provides high-flux focused X-ray beams combined with a flexible setup for (coherent) X-ray diffraction experiments, compromising slightly on direct resolution. The instrument provides enough space for hosting compact sample environments, which contributes to its versatility This endstation has been in user operation since summer 2017 and has produced impactful results in different fields of physics (Rodriguez-Fernandez et al, 2021; Nukala et al, 2021; Neckel et al, 2022), material science (Bjorling et al, 2020a; Dzhigaev et al, 2020, 2021; Hammarberg et al, 2020; Ji et al, 2020; Marcal et al, 2020, 2021; Reimers et al, 2022; Li et al, 2022b) and biology (Silva Barreto et al, 2020; Gustavsson et al, 2021), using scanning and local approaches while exploiting scattering, fluorescence and coherent X-ray methods. For details about the NanoMAX beamline layout and optics we refer the reader to Johansson et al (2021)
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