Abstract
This paper proposes a complete design, including solutions for both physical (PHY) and link layer, and evaluates the performance of large-scale indoor positioning systems (IPSs) based on visible light communications (VLC). The triangulation method based on received signal strength (RSS) technique is employed for user localization. For the sake of signal separation at the receiver, each LED’s position is encoded with a unique location identification (ID) using optical orthogonal codes (OOCs). A code re-use strategy is proposed to efficiently utilize the code resource. A novel enhancement method is also proposed to improve the system performance in terms of localization accuracy taking into account the impact of receiver orientation. Simulation results show that the maximum location error increases twice under the impact of receiver orientation when the polar angle is equal to $\theta = \pi /6$ . The effectiveness of the proposed localization enhancement method in reducing the average location error is also numerically confirmed. For the link layer design, a frame design with a 12-bit ID encoded by the Golay code for error correction is proposed. A simple proof-of-concept is implemented and experiments are conducted to analyze the overall system performance in terms of operation range and ID detectability.
Highlights
Research and development of indoor positioning systems (IPSs) have been recently gained much attention in both academia and industry thanks to their numerous indoor applications, from navigation to location-based services [1]– [4]
To further improve the positioning performance, we propose a simple enhancement method, which is based on the information of previously estimated position
When h is greater than 6 m, the PER, which is predominately due to pulse flipping, increases in accordance with an increase in h as expected
Summary
Research and development of indoor positioning systems (IPSs) have been recently gained much attention in both academia and industry thanks to their numerous indoor applications, from navigation to location-based services [1]– [4]. This growing interest in IPSs has been propelled by the popularity of smartphones over that past decade. The use of RF usually results in poor accuracy (in order of meters) due to the effect of multipath propagation and signal interference with other electromagnetic sources [6].
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