Design and optimization of zirconia functional surfaces for dental implants applications

Abstract

Zirconia is becoming a promising solution for biomedical applications, namely for dental implants, due to its biocompatibility, and mechanical and aesthetical properties. Despite the constant developments in the dentistry field, strategies to promote an effective vascularization at the implant's surface and consequently improved osseointegration are still not enough.In this sense, with the aim of promoting the vascularization at the implant's surface, zirconia surfaces with micro-channels were designed and evaluated regarding their hydrophilicity and capillarity. A CAD/CAM system was used to design and produce the specimens and different techniques were used to characterize the surfaces. The obtained average surface roughnesses are in accordance with the literature for similar materials. Results revealed that the produced materials present high levels of hydrophilicity, whether in contact with water or FBS - Fetal Bovine Serum. Additionally, micro-channels with 200 μm of width and 100 μm of depth were the ones that presented higher capillarity, thus being promising solutions for the promotion of implants vascularization, and consequently improved osseointegration.