Abstract
This work provides a design and optimization method for total internal reflection (TIR) lenses based on slope-error tolerance analysis. This work focuses on how the slope error impacts the central luminous intensity (CLI) of a TIR lens. The concentration standard index (CSI) is introduced as a metric for analyzing the CLI, both locally and globally. A unique design method for improved manufacturing tolerance is introduced, and a way of optimizing the TIR lens design in order to achieve a better slope-error tolerance is presented by evaluating the CSI. Using the design method, a TIR lens is fabricated and this theoretical approach is then demonstrated by a comparison between the tested contours of the TIR surfaces.
Highlights
Collimating optics has been widely used in light-emitting diode (LED) lighting to generate light beams with small beam angles and high central luminous intensities (CLIs)
As the luminance of LEDs is low compared with some discharge luminaries, it is acceptable to sacrifice some luminous coupling efficiency in order to guarantee a sufficient amount of luminous intensity in ultracompact devices in many applications, and we can refer to this as the “maximized luminous intensity problem,” for which CLI is regarded as the primary attribute of interest.[1]
Luo and Wang: Design and optimization for total internal reflection collimators based on slope-error
Summary
Collimating optics has been widely used in light-emitting diode (LED) lighting to generate light beams with small beam angles and high central luminous intensities (CLIs). It is not complicated to achieve the maximum CLI by the methods recommended by Parkyn, Shen, and Chen,[13,14,15,16] as each ray from the center of the LED was designed to emit in the collimation direction so that the luminous intensity always reaches the maximum theoretical value for a light source of any size. Deviations in the manufacturing process may result in installation errors and manufacturing defects of the optical surface; this has been discussed by González-Montes et al.[17] slope error, when compared to position error, is the main influence on manufacturing tolerance,[18] and should be considered in the design stage. There have been no quantitative analyses concerned with how the slope-error distribution impacts the performance of certain LED collimators.[7,10,17]
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