Abstract
Highlights An urgent need exists to mechanize lily harvesting to meet growing demand. A new lily bulb harvester suited to the agronomy of lily planting sites in China was designed. Operation parameters were optimized and validated via field tests. Bulb loss and stem damage rates of 2.31% and 1.82%, respectively, were achieved. Abstract . At present, lily bulbs are harvested primarily by manual excavation in most countries, whereas harvesting machinery is used for other tuber and rhizome crops. However, this approach results in several problems, such as high manual excavation costs, low efficiency, and incomplete separation of soil and lily bulbs. To address these problems, we propose a harvesting machine designed specifically for lily harvesting. Our design process involved measuring and analyzing the physical and mechanical properties of soil and lily bulbs during the harvest period, designing key mechanical components through theoretical calculations, and performing a single-factor simulation of the harvesting process to determine the test value range of each factor. We considered the bulb loss and stem damage rates as evaluation indicators and the machine forward speed, elevator linear speed, and elevator inclination as test factors. We conducted a three-factor, three-level rotation combined test, and the working parameter values were optimized according to the regression analysis results. The test results show that for a forward speed, linear elevator speed, and elevator inclination of 1.4 m/s, 1.8 m/s, and 25°, respectively, the bulb loss and stem damage rates were limited to 2.31% and 1.82%, respectively, thus maximizing the quality and yield of the harvest. Field experiment results showed that the optimized results were consistent with the experimental results and met the requirements of lily harvesting. Keywords: Harvester, Rhizome harvesting, Lily cultivation, Lily bulb properties, Soil parameters, Simulation analysis.
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