Abstract
All the basic logic gates play a major role in carrying out the mathematical computation. The drawbacks of conventional electronics are alleviated by all-optical integrated circuits with a great application of high-speed computing and information processing. In this paper, plasmonic metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguides have an excellent property of propagating the surface plasmons beyond the diffraction limit up to deep sub-wavelength scale. All-optical NAND gate design is optimized by using MIM plasmonic waveguide-based Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) in the footprint of 36 µm × 8 µm that works at 1.55 µm operating wavelength. The better performance of the proposed device is achieved, such as the extinction ratio is 10.55 dB, insertion loss is obtained as 0.506 dB, and response time is 262 ps. The proposed design is verified by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique and further analysis are carried out by mathematical computation and MATLAB simulation results.
Highlights
In the earlier days, the enrichment of changing information is attained by semiconductor devices, though predictably used this semiconductor technology gets menial due to some restraints like heat dissipation and interconnect delays [1]
When low intensity of light signal is fed into the input, it arrives at the output port can be written as
Eqs. (9) and (10) gives the output of single Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs), one can calculate the power when high and low-intensity signal is fed at its first input port, respectively
Summary
The enrichment of changing information is attained by semiconductor devices, though predictably used this semiconductor technology gets menial due to some restraints like heat dissipation and interconnect delays [1]. In the last few years, the researchers lead to scrutiny of various plasmonic waveguides based on SPPs such as metal-insulator-metal (MIM), insulator-metal-insulator (IMI), dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polaritons (DLSPP) [6-10] Among all these geometric waveguides, MIM waveguide has been preferred due to its their capability of exceptional properties like subwavelength confinement, very high grouping velocity and routing of light at nanoscale is possible. As compared to the earlier design of the NAND gate using electrooptic effect, used four MZIs [17-19] to implement NAND gate but the proposed design is achieved by using only two MZIs to implement all-optical plasmonic NAND gate Using these MIM waveguides, some designs are directional coupler (DC) and non-linear MachZehnder interferometers (MZIs) have been proposed and serving as a house for optical circuit designs.
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