Abstract
Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is used by piezoelectric energy harvesters to generate electricity from wind and water flow. In this study, we introduce the nonlinear magnetic force into piezoelectric energy harvesters and develop a nonlinear monostable piezoelectric VIV transducer. We build a distributed-parameter model based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Kirchhof's law to analyze the dynamic responses of the magnetic-coupling piezoelectric energy harvester (MCPEH). Model results show that the performance of the MCPEH varies greatly with the increase of the load resistance and the length of the used PZT. There are two optimal resistance values for the MCPEH. When $R<; 31.6~\text{k}\Omega $ , both the external load resistance and the PZT length affect the maximum power output. The little optimum resistance value will dwindle with the increase of the PZT length, whereas the large optimum resistance value still fixes at 1.78 $\text{M}\Omega $ with the increase of the PZT length. Due to the resistive shunt damping effect and the kinetic energy of wind, the resonance domain becomes wider in these ranges of load resistance smaller than 31.6 $\text{k}\Omega $ and larger than 316 $\text{k}\Omega $ comparing that when the load resistance is larger than 31.6 $\text{k}\Omega $ and smaller than 316 $\text{k}\Omega $ . Besides, the performance is enhanced by the monostable nonlinear magnetic force, which can be improved by decreasing the value of the distance between moving magnets and fixed magnets. The energy harvester shows a maximum power output of 0.21 mW under excitation of wind velocity is 1.6 m/s when the cylindrical diameter is 20 mm, the PZT length is 30 mm and the load resistance is 0.5 $\text{M}\Omega $ .
Highlights
Electricity has been the necessary resource around the word
In order to determine the accuracy of the mathematical model for the piezoelectric energy harvesting form Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) based on wind field, we validate the numerical predictions approach with the experimental measurements of Akaydin et al [50]
The output power will increase with the decrease of d0, whereas the response of the magnetic-coupling piezoelectric energy harvester (MCPEH) is not investigated when d0 < 5 mm
Summary
Electricity has been the necessary resource around the word. Whatever the raw energy is, the electricity is always the final transformation form to use directly in many respects, such as production, communication, transportation, and so on. With the increase of electricity consumption, it is vital to explore some methods for converting other forms of energy into electricity sustainably. Investigating the conversion methods fascinates many researchers. The photovoltaic solar technology [1], [2], the turbine energy harvesting technology [3]–[5], the nuclear power technology [6], [7] are all the great energy conversion technologies.
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