Abstract
The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) is an active sensing technology developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, for detecting and tracking small fish. It is used primarily for evaluating behavior and survival of juvenile salmonids migrating through the Federal Columbia River Power System to the Pacific Ocean. It provides critical data for salmon protection and development of more “fish-friendly” hydroelectric facilities. The objective of this study was to design and build a Measurement and Calibration System (MCS) for evaluating the JSATS components, because the JSATS requires comprehensive acceptance and performance testing in a controlled environment before it is deployed in the field. The MCS consists of a reference transducer, a water test tank lined with anechoic material, a motion control unit, a reference receiver, a signal conditioner and amplifier unit, a data acquisition board, MATLAB control and analysis interface, and a computer. The fully integrated MCS has been evaluated successfully at various simulated distances and using different encoded signals at frequencies within the bandwidth of the JSATS transmitter. The MCS provides accurate acoustic mapping capability in a controlled environment and automates the process that allows real-time measurements and evaluation of the piezoelectric transducers, sensors, or the acoustic fields. The MCS has been in use since 2009 for acceptance and performance testing of, and further improvements to, the JSATS.
Highlights
The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) is an active sensing technology that was developed by the U.S Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Portland District, to evaluate the migration timing, behavior, and survival of juvenile salmonids migrating through the Federal Columbia River
The JSATS consists of acoustic microtransmitters; autonomous, cabled, or portable receivers with hydrophones; and data management and processing applications
The Measurement and Calibration System (MCS) consists of reference transducers, a water test tank lined with anechoic material (Figure 1), a motion control unit, reference receivers, a signal conditioner and amplifier unit, data acquisition (DAQ) board, a MATLAB control interface, and a computer
Summary
The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) is an active sensing technology that was developed by the U.S Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Portland District, to evaluate the migration timing, behavior, and survival of juvenile salmonids migrating through the Federal Columbia River. The JSATS consists of acoustic microtransmitters (or transducers); autonomous, cabled, or portable receivers with hydrophones (piezoelectric sensors); and data management and processing applications. Surgically implanted in study fish, transmits a unique binary code encoded using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) at a frequency of 416.7 kHz. Its code structure includes a total of 31 bits, with 7 synchronization bits (Barker code 1110010), 16 data bits, and 8 cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits. Self-contained autonomous receivers that detect, decode, and store decoded messages are typically deployed in areas within the Columbia River basin where a power source is not readily available and cable runs are not feasible. The objective of this study was to design and build a Measurement and Calibration System (MCS) for evaluating and further improving the JSATS
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