Abstract
Missions, both near Earth and deep space, are under consideration that will require data recorder capacities doubled at a rate of approximately every three years. This challenge for ever-increasing mass storage also exists in other applications, such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and echo recording for phased array radar (PAR). All these scenarios call for storage devices with larger capacity, higher I/O bandwidth, lower latency and smaller size. In this paper, we combine Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based efficient cores of the emerging Non-Volatile Memory express (NVMe) protocol with Flash storage to improve the I/O bandwidth and latency from the operating system (OS) storage I/O software stack. We provide an alternating operation scheme to guarantee consistency of I/O bandwidth. The device has two independent optical fiber channels to ensure the reliability of interconnections and four NVMe flash storage recording data respectively at the same time, which increase its integration and scalability. The prototype has a capacity of 8TB and a volume of only 990 cubic centimeter, weighing only 2.2 pounds. Experimental results demonstrate that the continuous I/O bandwidth of each channel is above 1GBps with variance no more than 7% for its total capacity, and NVMe host logic core achieves up to 88% lower latency against the OS-based system.
Highlights
The demand of high I/O bandwidth and low latency storage capacity is much more than ever before due to constant data growth in the fields of space exploration [1], phased array radar (PAR) experiment [2] and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) reconnaissance [3]
The results indicate that the Non-Volatile Memory express (NVMe) system running on ZC706 development board cannot take advantage of the speed of the NVMe SSD, and about 90% of the total latency during the read and write process is caused by the software stack in Linux operating system (OS)
The data stream is directly forwarded to the NVMe SSD in the proposed efficient core without any OS to guarantee the I/O consistency
Summary
The demand of high I/O bandwidth and low latency storage capacity is much more than ever before due to constant data growth in the fields of space exploration [1], PAR (phased array radar) experiment [2] and UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) reconnaissance [3]. [4] combines NVMe SSDs with embedded high-speed X-ray imaging spectroscopy system for solar observations, [5] provides a compact NVMe storage device based on Zynq. Combined with the FPGA-based efficient cores and NVMe SSDs, an optical fiber storage device is designed. With the high throughput optical fibers and high I/O bandwidth NVMe SSDs, this device reaches a high storage and read speed above 2GBps for its total capacity of 8TB. To improve the flexibility of the SSD, the data store and read paths are divided into two channels, and each channel can work independently Using compact components such as LCC (leadless chip carriers) packaged optical modules and M.2.
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