Abstract
The process of drug discovery is challenging and a costly affair. It takes about 12 to 15 years and costs over $1 billion dollars to develop a new drug and introduce the finished product in the market. With the increase in diseases, virus spread, and patients, it has become essential to invent new medicines. Consequently, today researchers are becoming interested in inventing new medicines faster by adopting higher throughput screening methods. One avenue of approach to discovering drugs faster is the High-Throughput Screening (HTS) method, which has gained a lot of attention in the previous few years. Today, High-Throughput Screening (HTS) has become a standard method for discovering drugs in various pharmaceutical industries. This review focuses on the advancement of technologies in High-Throughput Screening (HTS) methods, namely fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), biochemical assay, fluorescence polarization (FP), homogeneous time resolved fluorescence (HTRF), Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), Fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (FIDA), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and research advances in three major technology areas including miniaturization, automation and robotics, and artificial intelligence, which promises to help speed up the discovery of medicines and its development process.
Highlights
It takes about 12 to 15 years and costs over $1 billion dollars to develop a new drug and introduce the finished product in the market
This review highlights the types of High-throughput screening assays and different detection techniques such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), biochemical assay, fluorescence polarization (FP), homogeneous time resolved fluorescence (HTRF), Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), Fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (FIDA) [6], Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and research advances in three major technology areas including miniaturization, automation and robotics, and artificial intelligence, which has shown great promise to speed the discovery of medicines and its development process [7, 8]
The HTRF method is a combination of time resolved measurement (TR) of fluorescence and standard FRET technology, thereby allowing the elimination of shortlived background Fluorescence, which occurs due to interfering materials in the sample and allowing a delay of approximately 50 to 150μseconds between the initial excitation and fluorescence measurement
Summary
It takes about 12 to 15 years and costs over $1 billion dollars to develop a new drug and introduce the finished product in the market. The High-throughput screening method screens millions of chemical and biological compounds in a short interval of time It is an automated process and screens many biological or chemical compounds for their therapeutic potential. The. High-throughput screening method efficiently accelerates the discovery of drugs, which are of potentially great therapeutic promise compared with other screening methods [3–5]. This review highlights the types of High-throughput screening assays and different detection techniques such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), biochemical assay, fluorescence polarization (FP), homogeneous time resolved fluorescence (HTRF), Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), Fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (FIDA) [6], Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and research advances in three major technology areas including miniaturization, automation and robotics, and artificial intelligence, which has shown great promise to speed the discovery of medicines and its development process [7, 8]
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