Abstract
This paper presents two radio frequency (RF) sensors with different directivities designed and tested for device-free localization (DFL) in an indoor environment. Mostly, in smart homes and smart offices, peoples may be irritated by wearing the device on them all the time. As compared with device-based localization, the proposed sensors can localize both cooperative and non-cooperative targets (intruders and guests etc.) without privacy leakages. Both sensors are tested to detect the change in received signal strength (ΔRSS) due to the presence of an obstacle. RF sensors, i.e., antennas are designed to operate in the ISM band of 2.4–2.5 GHz. Experimental results show that the sensor with higher directivity provides better ΔRSS that helps in improved accuracy to detect a device-free target.
Highlights
Accurate indoor localization of objects and people is among the most researched areas nowadays for many applications such as indoor navigation, location-based services, and advertisements [1,2,3]
To overcome the limitations of device-free localization (DFL) systems based on antennas with poor directivity, we proposed a localization system based on antennas with higher directivity
Results e radio frequency (RF) sensors were simulated in CST, and the fabricated sensors were tested for return loss using VNA, and the radiation pattern measurements were done in an anechoic chamber
Summary
Accurate indoor localization of objects and people is among the most researched areas nowadays for many applications such as indoor navigation, location-based services, and advertisements [1,2,3]. One of the signi cant challenges in indoor localization is the use of device or tag by the target to be localized, such as RFID tags and smartphones [4,5,6,7]. Device-based localization is not suitable in case of noncooperative targets (passive targets) such as intruders and guests. Many techniques have been proposed for the localization of non-cooperative targets such as thermal infrared sensors, pressure sensors, sound source, light sensors, electric eld, ultrasonic sensors, and radio frequency- (RF-) based localization schemes [13,14,15]
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