Design and Implementation of an Incubator with PI Controller for Optimizing the Chicken Egg Incubation Process

Abstract

This paper describes the design and development of a chicken egg incubator with a structure made of medium-density fiberboard (MDF). The incubator features a temperature control system that integrates a proportional-integral (PI) controller, an Arduino Uno microcontroller, and a regulated light bulb. A display is also included to provide real-time information on temperature, humidity, and the setpoint value, which is set at 37 degrees Celsius to ensure optimal development of the chicks. The Proteus software was utilized for the electrical stimulation of components such as the dimmer and optocouplers. For the mathematical modeling of the incubator, a black box modeling approach was employed to derive the system’s transfer function. Pole cancellation techniques were applied to tune the PI controller, and the controller constants were optimized using Matlab to achieve an optimal system response.