Abstract
An energy storage system using secondary batteries combined with advanced power control schemes is considered the key technology for the sustainable development of renewable energy-based power generation and smart micro-grids. The performance of energy storage systems in practical application mainly depends on their power conditioning systems. This paper proposes a silicon carbide-based multifunctional power conditioning system for the vanadium redox flow battery. The proposed system is a two-stage circuit topology, including a three-phase grid-tie inverter that can perform four-quadrant control of active and reactive power and a bi-directional multi-channel direct current converter that is responsible for the fast charging and discharging control of the battery. To achieve the design objectives, i.e., high reliability, high efficiency, and high operational flexibility, silicon carbide-based switching devices, and advanced digital control schemes are used in the construction of a power conditioning system for the vanadium redox flow battery. This paper first describes the proposed system topologies and controller configurations and the design methods of controllers for each converter in detail, and then results from both simulation analyses and experimental tests on a 5 kVA hardware prototype are presented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system and the designed controllers.
Highlights
In recent years, the development of secure, low-carbon, and renewable energy sources and various smart micro-grid systems [1], power converter-based system compensating devices [2,3], advanced power converters using state-of-the-art wide-bandgap (WBG) switching devices, and digital-integrated intelligent control schemes [4,5] have become very popular research topics in the field of electric power and energy engineering
The power conditioning systems (PCS) topology required by the general grid-connected battery energy storage systems (BESS) can be divided into two categories: single-stage [20,21,22,23] and two-stage [24,25,26,27] according to the circuit architecture
The single-stage system is more suitable for high-voltage, high-capacity battery packs, while the two-stage circuit architecture usually includes a single-phase or three-phase direct current to alternative current (DC/AC) converter and a bi-directional direct current to direct current (DC/DC) power converter for matching with a wider range of battery pack voltage specifications, and enabling the realization of different charging and discharging strategies
Summary
The development of secure, low-carbon, and renewable energy sources and various smart micro-grid systems [1], power converter-based system compensating devices [2,3], advanced power converters using state-of-the-art wide-bandgap (WBG) switching devices, and digital-integrated intelligent control schemes [4,5] have become very popular research topics in the field of electric power and energy engineering. SiC devices with high-frequency switching capability and superior thermal conductivity are suitable for high-voltage and -power applications, while GaN has the highest bandgap, electron mobility, electric breakdown field, and saturated electron velocity, normally used in low- to mid-power systems [14]. Among the above-mentioned grid-level ESSs, the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has the advantages of independent and flexible design of output power and energy storage capacity, high energy conversion efficiency, safety, and low maintenance costs, which make it very suitable for a wide range of applications, such as distributed power generation optimization, energy management and integrated power quality control technology related applications [18,19]. To improve the above-mentioned shortcomings and to achieve an advanced and versatile ESS, this paper proposes a SiC-based multifunctional PCS for the VRFB
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