Abstract
Smart cities require interactive management of water supply networks and water meters play an important role in such a task. As compared to fully mechanical water meters, electromechanical water meters or fully electronic water meters can collect real-time information through automatic meter reading (AMR), which makes them more suitable for smart cities applications. In this paper, we first study the design principles of existing water meters, and then present our design and implementation of a self-powered smart water meter. The proposed water meter is based on a water turbine generator, which serves for two purposes: (i) to sense the water flow through adaptive signal processing performed on the generated voltage; and (ii) to produce electricity to charge batteries for the smart meter to function properly. In particular, we present the design considerations and implementation details. The wireless transceiver is integrated in the proposed water meter so that it can provide real-time water flow information. In addition, a mobile phone application is designed to provide a user with a convenient tool for water usage monitoring.
Highlights
A smart city was proposed as an urban development vision to integrate state-of-the-art technologies, such as information and communication technology (ICT), and Internet of Things (IoT)in a secure fashion of managing a city [1]
This paper focuses on the design and implementation of a smart water meter using a water turbine generator to realize both flow measurement and power generation
A commercial water meter (Super-Rite K24 made by Jerrycar, Frankfort, South Africa) was used to calibrate the smart water meter designed
Summary
A smart city was proposed as an urban development vision to integrate state-of-the-art technologies, such as information and communication technology (ICT), and Internet of Things (IoT)in a secure fashion of managing a city [1]. A smart city was proposed as an urban development vision to integrate state-of-the-art technologies, such as information and communication technology (ICT), and Internet of Things (IoT). A smart city promotes the usage of real-time information and provides the interactive platform for people to manage the city with significantly improved efficiency as compared to the traditional way. A smart city has the following three features: (i) Instrumentation Intelligence—efficient use of physical infrastructure through real-time informatics [2] to support a strong and healthy economic, social and cultural development; (ii) Collective Intelligence—interactive engagement with residents in local governance and decision-making processes; and (iii) Adaptive Intelligence—prompt response with self-adaptive learning to handle the changing circumstances happening in the city. Efficient management of water supply networks is a key challenge faced by smart cities [3]. According to European Environment Agency [4], water leakage accounts for more than 20% of the water supply in urban water networks in most countries
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