Design and implementation of a novelFO‐hPID‐FPIDcontroller forAGCof multiarea interconnected nonlinear thermal power system

Abstract

Automatic generation control (AGC) plays a crucial role in modern power system to control the frequency with change in power demand. A novel fractional order (FO) hybrid PID-fuzzy-PID (FO-hPID-FPID) controller is proposed in this paper as the secondary controller for AGC of a three unequal area interconnected nonlinear reheat thermal power system considering generation rate constraint. This paper also deals with the implementation of FO fuzzy PID (FOFPID) and FO PID (FOPID) controllers in addition to the proposed controller along with their counterpart integer order controllers to establish the dominance of FO controllers over integer order controllers. Various parameters of the controllers are optimized by hybridizing two global optimization techniques: particle swarm optimization and modified sine cosine algorithm (MSCA) and the optimization techniques so obtained is called as hybrid PSO-MSCA (hPSO-MSCA) technique. A step load perturbation of 0.01 p.u. is injected in area-1, and the system response is investigated independently with different controllers. It is revealed that the proposed FO-hPID-FPID delivers superior performance than the other controllers. Sensitivity analysis for parametric variations is carried out, and random load test is performed to validate the robustness of the proposed controller. Further, it is observed that the controllers deliver result in an ascending order of control performance as PID, FOPID, FPID, FOFPID, hPID-FPID and FO-hPID-FPID controllers with FO-hPID-FPID controller delivering the best result and the FO controllers deliver better control performance than their integer order counterparts.