Abstract
This article presents a multiband antenna with the implementation of a metamaterial split-ring resonator (SRR), quasicomplementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), and slots to achieve octaband characteristics for wireless standards. Multiband features are accomplished by the implementation of the slot approach within the radiating section part and loading the SRR and CSRR cells. The electrical dimension is 0.256λ × 0.176 λ × 0.0128λ (32 × 22 × 1.6 mm3) of the proposed design, at a lower frequency of 2.4 GHz. The proposed design indicates the frequency-band reconfigurability nature by using the switching PIN diode placed at the slotted section of the ground plane. During the OFF state of switching, the element structure resonates in eight wireless communication bands covering various high-speed multiple applications of Internet of Things (IoT) regarding wireless standards S-band WLAN (WiFi, Bluetooth, Z-wave, wireless HART, and WBAN), lower C-band (WAIC, satellite communication transmission application), C-band WLAN, X-band (ITU region 2), Ku-band (direct broadcast satellite system and terrestrial microwave communication system service), and K-band (radar communication application) at 2.4, 4.3, 5.8, 8.5, 11.1, 13.9, 16.1, and 18.9 GHz, respectively, with S11 ≤ −10 dB. The antenna achieves an optimum peak gain of 4.23 dBi and radiation efficiency of 82.78% at operating frequency regarding wireless standards. The average efficiency of the proposed design is more than 70% for all resonant modes. The radiation characteristics (gain/efficiency/patterns/impedance matching) are shown in the stable and improved form at achieved wireless modes.
Highlights
In recent years, research has been focused on designing a wireless communication system with a multiband antenna because of its compactness in size, high data transmission rate, and low cost
It is noticed that the vector current strength is improved across the boundary of the proposed split-ring resonator (SRR) structure at the ground plane regarding lower wireless standards (WLAN 2.4 GHz, IEEE 802.11b, and C-band WLAN 5.8 GHz)
It is identified that the vector current distribution is extremely observed near the surface of the slotted radiating part as well as complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) structure for the lower K-band wireless communication mode with enriched impedance matching
Summary
Research has been focused on designing a wireless communication system with a multiband antenna because of its compactness in size, high data transmission rate, and low cost. Antenna miniaturization and multiband configuration are achieved by using techniques such as the feeding approach [1,2,3], slotting approach [4,5,6,7,8,9,10], metamaterial cell insertion [11,12,13,14,15,16,17], and fractals [18]. A number of metamaterial-inspired antennas with multiple wireless communication bands have been reported [23,24,25]. A miniaturized quad-band antenna based on the fractal, slot, and metamaterial-inspired approach has been implemented [26]. Multiband antenna performance with frequency-band reconfigurability is achieved by using a vertex-fed technique for an SRR-
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