Abstract
Wireless technologies that use radio frequency (RF) waveforms are common in wireless communication systems, such as the mobile communication, satellite system, and Internet of Things (IoT) systems. It is more advantageous than wired communication because of the ease of installation. However, it can negatively impact human health if high frequencies are used to transmit data. Therefore, researchers are exploring the potential of optical wireless communication as an alternative, which uses the visible light bandwidth instead of RF waveforms. Three possibilities are being investigated: visible light communication, light fidelity, and optical camera communication. In this paper, we propose a multiple-input multiple-output modulation scheme using a light-emitting diode (LED) array, which is applicable to the IoT system, based on on–off keying modulation in the time domain. This scheme is compatible with the two popular types of camera in the market, rolling shutter cameras and global shutter cameras, as well as the closed-circuit television camera, which is used in factories, buildings, etc. Despite the small size of the LED array, implementing this scheme with 10 links in different positions at a communication distance of 20 m is possible for efficient performance (low error rate) by controlling the exposure time, shutter speed, focal length, channel coding and applying the matched filter.
Highlights
Accepted: 23 April 2021Currently, we encounter the Internet of Things (IoT) system frequently in our everyday lives, such as in smart homes, e-health systems, traffic monitoring systems, smart grids, and smart factories [1]
We proposed a monitoring system based on the 2D OOK–multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme
By using an light-emitting diode (LED) matrix based on a special spatial frame format, scheme for the optical camera communication (OCC) technique
Summary
We encounter the Internet of Things (IoT) system frequently in our everyday lives, such as in smart homes, e-health systems, traffic monitoring systems, smart grids, and smart factories [1]. The authors in [20] proposed the camera on–off keying (OOK) with a high data rate based on the rolling shutter effect Still, this scheme has some drawbacks, including a limited communication distance and low performance. In [23], the authors proposed a color intensity modulation-MIMO scheme to transmit data using a global shutter camera, which has a frame rate of 330 frames per second Because it uses color intensity modulation, a maximum communication distance is just. In [24], the authors proposed a rollingshutter-based MIMO scheme with an LED matrix This scheme can resolve the flicker effect, but there are some disadvantages: a short communication distance (1.4 m) and non-rotation support (such support is essential when using 2D-code for the OCC technique for IoT systems).
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