Abstract
Noninterceptive beam profile monitors are of great importance for many particle accelerators worldwide. Extra challenges are posed by high energy, high intensity machines and low energy low intensity accelerators. For these applications, existing diagnostics are no longer suitable due to the high power of the beam or the very low intensity. In addition, many other accelerators, from medical to industrial will benefit from a noninvasive, real time beam profile monitor. In this paper we present a new beam profile monitor with a novel design for the nozzle and skimmer configuration to generate a supersonic gas jet meeting ultrahigh vacuum conditions and we describe the first results for such a beam profile monitor at the Cockcroft Institute. This monitor is able to measure two-dimensional profiles of the particle beam while causing negligible disturbance to the beam or to the accelerator vacuum. The ultimate goal for this diagnostic is to provide a versatile and universal beam profile monitor suitable for measuring any beams.
Highlights
Noninvasive or minimally invasive beam profile measurements which can operate in real time are desirable for any particle accelerators
In this paper we present a new beam profile monitor with a novel design for the nozzle and skimmer configuration to generate a supersonic gas jet meeting ultrahigh vacuum conditions and we describe the first results for such a beam profile monitor at the Cockcroft Institute
ionization profile monitors (IPM) operate by using an external electric field to collect the ions or electrons produced by the interaction of the projectile beam with the residual gas in the vacuum chamber, while beam induced fluorescence monitors (BIF) observe the images from the fluorescence light emitted after the excitation of the residual gas by the projectile beam
Summary
Noninvasive or minimally invasive beam profile measurements which can operate in real time are desirable for any particle accelerators. IPMs operate by using an external electric field to collect the ions or electrons produced by the interaction of the projectile beam with the residual gas in the vacuum chamber, while BIFs observe the images from the fluorescence light emitted after the excitation of the residual gas by the projectile beam. It uses the fluorescent light emitted by the excited hydrogen atoms from the interaction between the projectile proton beam and the hydrogen jet As this monitor is not designed for the purpose, the beam profile measurement is limited to the vertical plane of the accelerator. The operating principle of gas jet beam profile monitor is as follows: At the particle beam-gas intersection point, ionization occurs and gas ions are created inside the collision volume These ions are extracted by an electric field of tunable strength provided by the extraction electrodes, and accelerated towards a position-sensitive detector composed of a MCP and a phosphor screen. IV the first operational experience with the pulsed valve and two different thicknesses of gas jet curtains, as used in an ultrahigh vacuum system to detect a low energy (∼3.5 keV, ∼7 μA) electron beam
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