Abstract
Nanotechnology has been used in different industries for years. In this study, polyurethane filter, modified with nano-sized polypyrrole–ZnO was used for wastewater quality improvement. The effect of coating method and influential parameters on polymer morphology was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the uniformly synthesized polymers are seed like. The size of synthesized nanoparticles was observed to be about 50–120 nm. The effect of the number of iterative filtration and the height of the filter on improving the quality of the waste water was investigated using central composite design. After filtration, spectroscopy method, gas chromatography method, and some other devices such as biochemical oxygen demand meter and salt meter were used to evaluate the quality of the waste water. The results indicated that the filter efficiency in optimizing parameters such as total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, color, salinity, hardness, pH, and organic compounds removal is desirable. After data modeling, the optimal thickness of the filter was 3.8 cm and the most appropriate iteration for filtration was eight times obtained using a graphical method. Results showed that the designed filter had an excellent ability to improve wastewater quality and can be used in water and wastewater refining instruments.
Highlights
Water is an essential material for life on earth and is a valuable resource for human civilization
After designing and optimizing the physical shape and physical parameters, the filter was directly exposed to the water sample at different times and conditions
The morphology and chemical structure of the PPy–ZnO filter were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques
Summary
Water is an essential material for life on earth and is a valuable resource for human civilization. Current water and wastewater treatment technologies are developing to provide water quality to meet human and environmental needs (Qu et al, 2013b). Nanotechnology, a nanoscale materials and tool manufacturing technology, has been considered in recent years as a solution to overcome the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Through this technology, the methods of identification, treatment, and purification of pollutants that can greatly contribute to reducing environmental pollution are significantly improved (Kanel et al., 2006; Leupin and Hug, 2005; Li et al, 1999). Increasing the area to volume, which gradually occurs by reducing the size of the particle, can overcome the behavior of the atoms located at the particle surface relative to the internal atoms’ behavior and increases the surface reactivity of nanoparticles (Heidarpour et al, 2010; Qu et al, 2013)
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