Abstract
Current approaches to topdressing and weeding operations for rice cultivation present several disadvantages, such as poor precision, low efficiency, serious environmental pollution, and so on. This paper presents a row-controlled fertilizing–weeding machine to improve the precision of fertilizing and weeding operations and to reduce the heavy pollution associated with rice cultivation. A proportional–integral–derivative algorithm was adopted to realize accurate fertilization control, and an automatic driving system for agricultural machinery based on BeiDou navigation was used for accurate row-controlled operation. Accuracy testing and field experiments were carried out. The results show that the fertilization control system can stabilize the speed to within 0.55 s of the desired speed with a standard deviation of around 0.32 r·min−1. The row-controlled operation ensures the lateral deviation is within ± 5 cm at operating speeds below 5 km·h−1. The high uniformity and accuracy of fertilization meet agronomic requirements and rice cultivation standards, and the weeding performance is acceptable at working speeds below 5 km·h−1.
Highlights
Topdressing and weeding operations are repeatedly carried out throughout the rice cultivation process and have an important impact on rice yields
This paper presents a row-controlled fertilizing–weeding (RFW) machine designed to meet the agronomic requirements of rice cultivation
The results provide a theoretical basis, as well as a reference, for further research on combined fertilization, and weeding technologies for rice cultivation
Summary
Topdressing and weeding operations are repeatedly carried out throughout the rice cultivation process and have an important impact on rice yields. Side deep fertilization and mechanical weeding technologies are used to ensure high fertilizer utilization rates and reduce chemical herbicide use [5]. Existing side deep fertilization devices exhibit poor performance, which is mainly reflected in low fertilization uniformity, unstable operation, and frequent clogging of fertilizer delivery pipelines [8,9]. Designed a controller for variable-rate application of granular fertilizer, which adjusts the amount of fertilizer based on working speed and improves stability. Mechanical weeding is an environmentally friendly weeding technology and can be implemented using various approaches, including ploughing, harrowing, and intertillaging These methods can eliminate the use of chemical herbicides and protect the ecological environment [14,15]. Designed a hydraulic control system based on linear active disturbance rejection to prevent damage to seedlings caused by weeding components in paddy fields. The results provide a theoretical basis, as well as a reference, for further research on combined fertilization, and weeding technologies for rice cultivation
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