Abstract
Under the conditions of straw returning operation, there are three major technical bottlenecks in the Phaeozem region of northeast China, namely low stubble breaking rate, poor tillage depth consistency and high fuel consumption. In this research, a bionic stubble-deep loosening combined tillage machine (BSD) was designed through bionic prototype analysis, coupled bionic analysis, coupled bionic design, theoretical analysis and application of intelligent control techniques. It consists of a bionic stubble breaking device and a bionic self-excited vibratory deep loosening device. Based on the unique biting pattern of locust mouthparts on maize rootstocks, the bionic stubble breaking device adopted a new multi-segment serrated bionic structure and a symmetrical rotational motion, which could significantly increase the stubble breaking rate (p<0.05) and reduce the resistance to stubble breaking operations (p<0.05). Based on the unique biology of the hare's paws, toes and nails, the bionic self-excited vibration deep loosening device adopted a new series-parallel composite bionic elastic system and an intelligent tilling depth control system with a fuzzy algorithm, which significantly improved the tilling depth consistency (p<0.05). The operational performance of the BSD was verified at different operating speeds through comparative experiments and reveals the mechanism of its excellent performance through theoretical analysis. The final experiment results showed that, at the same operating speed, the BSD improved the stubble breaking rate by 9.62% and 10.67%, reduced the stubble breaking torque by 28 N·m and 33 N·m, reduced the tillage depth coefficient of variation by 12.73% and 13.48%, and reduced the specific fuel consumption by 36 g/km·h and 40 g/km·h compared to the two most common models. The operating performance of the three kinds of machines will decrease with the increase of operating speed, and the BSD has the least decrease. Keywords: bionics, stubble breaking, deep loosening, combined tillage machine DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211404.6473 Citation: Zhao J L, Lu Y, Guo M Z, Fu J, Wang Y J. Design and experiment of bionic stubble breaking-deep loosening combined tillage machine. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(4): 123–134.
Highlights
The promotion of conservation tillage technology relies on high-performance implements[1]
Associated with a high level of straw cover[7,8,9,10], which makes it difficult to guarantee the consistency of tilling depth[11,12]; 3) High fuel consumption for stubble-deep loosening combined tillage machine: the soil in this planting area has strong cohesion and high adhesion[13], and the amount of rootstock returned to the field is much larger than that in other areas, resulting in high energy consumption for combined operation[14]
The stubble breaking rate of the breaking-deep loosening combined tillage machine (BSD) was maintained at 95%, which was 9.62% and 10.67% higher than that of the DHV and the self-excited vibration deep loosening combined machine (SCV)
Summary
Associated with a high level of straw cover[7,8,9,10], which makes it difficult to guarantee the consistency of tilling depth[11,12]; 3) High fuel consumption for stubble-deep loosening combined tillage machine: the soil in this planting area has strong cohesion and high adhesion[13], and the amount of rootstock returned to the field is much larger than that in other areas, resulting in high energy consumption for combined operation[14]. It can be seen that the engineering design reproduces the excellent functions of the locust mouthparts and hare's claw toe, allowing for efficient stubble breaking, low consumption, and precise control of the tilling depth at the same time. A multi-coupled bionic design approach was proposed to develop a bionic stubble breaking device based on locust mouthparts and a bionic self-excited vibrating deep. Vol 14 No 4 loosening device based on hare paw toes and to design the bionic stubble breaking-deep loosening combined tillage machine (BSD) by integrating the above devices. Through comparative experiments and theoretical analysis, the mechanism of the effect of bionic design on stubble breaking rate, tillage depth consistency, and specific fuel consumption was explored.
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