Abstract
Location-based routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) use location information to determine routing decisions. This information is provided by a location service that is queried by nodes in order to properly forward packets to communication partners. This paper presents the semiflooding location service, a proactive flooding-based location service that drastically reduces the number of update packets sent over the network compared to traditional flooding-based location services. This goal is achieved by each node partially forwarding location information. We present both deterministic and probabilistic approaches for this algorithm, which remains very simple. A mathematical model is proposed to show the effectiveness of this solution. The cases of homogeneous 1D, 2D, and 3D networks were studied for both deterministic and probabilistic forwarding decisions. We compare our algorithm with simple flooding and with the multipoint-relay (MPR) flooding of the optimized-link-state-routing (OLSR) protocol, and we show that our algorithm, despite being very simple, has excellent scalability properties. The mean number of generated messages ranges with the mean number of the neighbors of one random network node.
Highlights
Research in the field of intelligent transport systems (ITSs) [1] is very active
The present paper introduces new material: a probabilistic version of the algorithm, a better analytical model with both the probabilistic algorithm and the 3D network case, simulation results, and scaling analysis that compares our algorithm with simple flooding and with an improved flooding scheme, i.e., the multipoint relays (MPRs) flooding of OLSR
The black curve shows the number of messages with the pure flooding algorithm, and it clearly shows the great benefit of semiflooding location service (SFLS)
Summary
Research in the field of intelligent transport systems (ITSs) [1] is very active. Numerous advances have been made to increase user safety and comfort. Identifying the location of the destination node when sending a message cannot be done locally without the use of external data or services. Sensors 2020, 20, 2389 routing protocols, this is achieved by means of a location service This service is used by the sender of a packet to determine the location of the destination. When the location service is present on the source node, the query is locally resolved by the source node, as is the case for location-information dissemination methods. The present paper introduces new material: a probabilistic version of the algorithm, a better analytical model with both the probabilistic algorithm and the 3D network case, simulation results, and scaling analysis that compares our algorithm with simple flooding and with an improved flooding scheme, i.e., the MPR flooding of OLSR
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