Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) among adolescents worldwide has increased since the 60 s. Spain has reached one of the highest OW/OB prevalence rates among adolescents from European countries. The aim of this methodological paper is to describe the design and evaluation in the EVASYON study (Development, implementation and evaluation of the efficacy of a therapeutic programme for adolescents with OW/OB: integral education on nutrition and physical activity).Methods/DesignThe EVASYON was planned by a multidisciplinary team to treat OW/OB in Spanish adolescents. The EVASYON is a multi-centre study conducted in 5 hospitals in 5 Spanish cities (Granada, Madrid, Pamplona, Santander and Zaragoza) and two hundred and four OW/OB Spanish adolescents were recruited for this intervention. The treatment was implemented for approximately one-year follow-up. The adolescents were treated in groups of a maximum of 10 subjects; each group had 20 visits during the treatment period in two phases: intensive during the first 2 months (1st to 9th visits), and extensive during the last 11 months (10th to 20th visits). In order to assess the efficacy of the treatment, 8 dimensions were measured: diet; physical activity and fitness; eating behaviour; body composition; haematological profile; metabolic profile; minerals and vitamins; immuno-inflammatory markers. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms were also determined.DiscussionThe treatment programme developed in the EVASYON study was designed as a national pilot study to be implemented as an effective treatment for adolescents with OW/OB into the Spanish Health Care Service.
Highlights
The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) among adolescents worldwide has increased since the 60 s
In order to estimate the sample size, we considered the results obtained in the AVENA study, a multicenter evaluation of the nutritional status of Spanish adolescents [27], showed that body fat reached the greatest variance among anthropometrical variables [17] and was considered as the main variable in the EVASYON study
The EVASYON study develops, for the first time in Spain, a multidisciplinary treatment programme for adolescents with overweight and obesity that is aimed at all possibly involved areas of the individual, such as dietary habits, physical activity and cognitive and psychological profiles, in order to prevent the development, in an immediate future and in the long term, of chronic diseases associated with obesity such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, etc
Summary
The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) among adolescents worldwide has increased since the 60 s. Spain has reached one of the highest OW/OB prevalence rates among adolescents from European countries. The aim of this methodological paper is to describe the design and evaluation in the EVASYON study (Development, implementation and evaluation of the efficacy of a therapeutic programme for adolescents with OW/OB: integral education on nutrition and physical activity). Obesity is the result of inappropriate eating behaviour, which is becoming a major dietary, psychological and social problem in developed countries [4]. Overweight leads to adverse short-term consequences during childhood, such as psychosocial problems, and long-term results have been reported during adulthood [13,14]
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