Abstract
The extensive physiological and regulatory roles of nitric oxide (NO) have spurred the development of NO sensors, which are of critical importance in neuroscience and various medical applications. The development of electrochemical NO sensors is of significant importance, and has garnered a tremendous amount of attention due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid response, low cost, miniaturization, and the possibility of real-time monitoring. Nanostructured platinum (Pt)-based materials have attracted considerable interest regarding their use in the design of electrochemical sensors for the detection of NO, due to their unique properties and the potential for new and innovative applications. This review focuses primarily on advances and insights into the utilization of nanostructured Pt-based electrode materials, such as nanoporous Pt, Pt and PtAu nanoparticles, PtAu nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and PtW nanoparticle/rGO-ionic liquid (IL) nanocomposites, for the detection of NO. The design, fabrication, characterization, and integration of electrochemical NO sensing performance, selectivity, and durability are addressed. The attractive electrochemical properties of Pt-based nanomaterials have great potential for increasing the competitiveness of these new sensors and open up new opportunities in the creation of novel NO-sensing technologies for biological and medical applications.
Highlights
The sensing of nitric oxide (NO) molecules has fundamental importance in the elucidation of human cell functionality, pathology, and toxicity, as well as practical significance in the development of potential platforms for medical and environmental applications [1,2,3]
The main focus of this review is to provide insights into electrochemical NO sensors based on Pt nanomaterials
Our research group has recently developed an electrochemical sensor based on a platinum–tungsten nanoparticle/graphene-ionic liquid (PtW/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-IL) nanocomposite electrNoadneomfaoterriaulss2e01w6,i6t,h21h1 uman serum and urine samples [72]
Summary
The sensing of nitric oxide (NO) molecules has fundamental importance in the elucidation of human cell functionality, pathology, and toxicity, as well as practical significance in the development of potential platforms for medical and environmental applications [1,2,3]. Electrochemical methods provide a platform for the direct measurement of NO with high analytical performance Their positive attributes include high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid and stable response, easy use, low cost, easy miniaturization, and facilitating the measurement of real-time NO concentrations in biological samples, which have been employed over a wide range of sensors for clinical use or in biomedicine [8,17,18,19,20]. Platinum nanomaterial modified electrodes may have the ability to selectively adsorb and sense NO molecules They may make possible the development of electrochemical sensor platforms with unique functionalities and processes that are activated on exposure to NO, as well as the capacity for enhanced mobility and the real time monitoring of other biomolecules in biomedical applications [19,23,44,45,46]. We are hopeful that the advances and concepts articulated in this review will inspire new discoveries in this area for the benefit of medical industries worldwide
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