Design and Development of Biofuel and Chicken Feed (Broilers) for Janitor Fish (Pterygoplichthys) Utilizing AVR Microcontroller (Esp32)

Abstract

Liquid biofuels are emerging as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels, with versatile applications from transportation to heating. This study aims to produce biofuel from janitor fish, an invasive species with a high fatty acid content that can be used as animal feed because of its high protein content. This combined strategy seeks to reduce environmental impact while utilizing the biomass of the species for energy and nutritional purposes. The research goal was to automate extracting biofuel from janitor fish and turning the remaining biomass into chicken feed. The experimental setup comprised a pyrolysis process of 12 kilograms of janitor fish with 21 liters of water to extract bio-oil. The system included four modules: boiling, grinding, separating, and sensor, designed to make conversion operations more efficient. The results showed a high system efficacy, with biofuel production obtaining 97% accuracy for outputs ranging from 450 to 500 ml and chicken feed production achieving 98% accuracy for 12 kilograms feed. Biofuel quality remained similar throughout experiments, with 98% accuracy in “gasera” life ratings. Furthermore, two-day trials of chicken feed proved its nutritional sufficiency and acceptability, with an overall accuracy of 96% in projected weight growth. Finally, the study demonstrated the successful use of janitor fish to produce biofuel and chicken feed, emphasizing the system's potential contribution to sustainable energy and agriculture. Comprehensive testing confirmed the system's performance, demonstrating its dependability and usefulness in converting a hazardous species into beneficial resources.