Design and development of biodegradable POSS-PCL-Zeolite (β) nano-scaffold for potential applications in bone regeneration

Abstract

Side effects caused by bone fractures and restrictions on bone regeneration impose an enormous economic burden on the health system of society. To overcome these limitations, tissue engineering and cell-based therapies have been proposed as alternatives to induce and promote bone healing. Still, bone regeneration disadvantages, such as limited and painful surgery, the risk of infection, nerve injury, bleeding, and function damage, have led investigators to find an alternative therapy. In some studies, bone stimulants have prompted scientists to design scaffolds with appropriate physical structure with the possibility of cell adhesion and proliferation, which plays an influential role in the regeneration and repair of bone tissue. PCL nanofiber is an absorbing candidate for the formulation of biocompatible scaffolds used in tissue engineering. To overcome these negative aspects, improve the properties of PCL nanofibers, and based on the biocompatibility and superior mechanical properties of POSS, Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Polycaprolactone-Zeolite (POSS-PCL-Zeolite) nanocomposite electrospun nanofiber scaffolds were fabricated in the present study. Nanohybrids and nanofibers structures were characterized by FTIR, HNMR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and DSC techniques. We used cellular and molecular assays, including DCFH ROS detection system, gene expression (RUNX-2, Osteocalcin, Nrf2, BAX, VEGF gens), and apoptotic to demonstrate the biocompatibility and induce bone differentiation of formulated POSS-PCL-Zeolite scaffolds. The results showed the biodegradability of POSS-PCL-Zeolite Nano-scaffold and supported the nesting of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced bone differentiation by POSS-PCL-Zeolite Nano-scaffold.