Design and Development of Bioceramic Based Functionalized PLGA Nanoparticles of Risedronate for Bone Targeting: In-vitro Characterization and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation.

Abstract

Bioceramic(Hydroxyapatite) based Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles of Risedronate was prepared by dialysis method for bone-targeting. Risedronate, a targeting moiety that has a strong affinity for bone, was conjugated to PLGA via carbodiimide chemistry. Mono-methoxy PEG(mPEG)-PLGA block polymers were synthesized and used to impart surface hydrophilicity to nanoparticles to avoid its uptake by reticuloendothelial system (RES). The structure of prepared di block copolymers were characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectrometry. Risedronate was adsorbed on the surface of hydroxyapatite (RIS-HA) and it was conjugated with different ratios of mPEG-PLGA. The formation of surface-modified PLGA nanoparticle prepared with various ratios of risedronate as well as hydroxyapatite and mPEG was confirmed by (1)H NMR and FT-IR spectrometry. Size and % entrapment of the prepared nanoparticle was found to be 79.3 ± 2.3 nm and 93 ± 3.1%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that mPEG-PLGA-RIS-HA nanoparticles possess smooth and uniform surface. Pharmacodynamic study was performed on Dexamethasone (DEX) induced osteoporotic model. The effect of various formulations (mPEG-PLGA-RIS, mPEG-PLGA-RIS-HA and RISOFOS tablet) on bone was studied by Volume bone density (VBD) and by histopathological evaluation. Interestingly mPEG-PLGA-RIS-HA, showed a significant enhancement in bone micro-architecture when compared with other formulations. The results strongly implicated that mPEG-PLGA-RIS-HA has a therapeutic benefits over risedronate sodium monotherapy for the treatment of osteoporosis in a rat model.