Abstract

PT Freeport Indonesia’s Ertsberg mining complex in Indonesia’s Papua Province consists of some of the largest underground mining operations in the world with thousands of employees underground each shift. This presents extraordinary challenges in underground emergency refuge chamber design and construction. PT Freeport Indonesia has approached this challenge by designing and building some of the largest fixed refuge chambers in the world. This paper describes the design and construction of several fixed refuge chambers with capacities of 70–600 persons each.

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