Design and Construction of a Semi-batch Pyrolysis Reactor for the Production of Biofuel

Abstract

Due to the fast depletion of crude oil wells, increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, energy security challenges, etc. the world through its researchers is in search of sustainable energy sources. Renewable energy sources (RES) have been found to be among the best solutions to the world’s energy insecurity and other challenges, but due to Africa’s poor sustainable energy policies, the positive effect of renewable energy has not been felt in the continent though it has the necessary resources. Biofuel being one of the RES, during its production turns waste into wealth. Pyrolysis is an important method for the production of biofuel, but because of limitations facing the renewable energy technologies (RETs) in Africa (especially the sub-Saharan Africa), constructing a pyrolysis reactor that carries out this process is a challenge to many. A semi-batch reactor was designed (using SOLIDWORKS software) and constructed taking into consideration the process’ kinetics, temperature range (up to 1000 °C) and feedstock (quality and quantity). The system after being constructed was used to produce bio-oil from cashew nut shell, and polystyrene combined with cashew nut shell. They gave pyrolysis liquids of 61.3 % and 64.58 % respectively. This system was designed for laboratory usage; it can be used in homes if scaled to suit home usage.