Abstract
Abstract This paper presents a low-cost and disposable paper based microfluidic analysis system for point-of-care diagnostics. Detection is achieved by using a colorimetric or visual indicator. Immobilized specific reagent or enzymes designed for the parameter under consideration act as capture molecules on the surface of the detection zone. The sensor is integrated into a microfluidic system made of paper (cellulose). An additional component of the analysis system is a capillary unit which is used to introduce the analyte to the detection zone. For this purpose well- defined, millimeter-sized channel, comprising hydrophobic polymer bounded onto hydrophilic paper was created. Then the detection zone was coated with a sensitive reagent layer as a sensor region. The paper based microfluidics also called lab on paper, has been fabricated using screen printing technology as the basis for low-cost, disposable, portable and technically simple fabrication for mass production. Microfluidics in paper make it feasible to run single, dual or even multiple clinical analyses on one strip of paper while still using only small volumes of a single sample. The capability of lab on paper for detection of importance clinical analyte protein in urine, saliva and blood samples has been demonstrate successfully. Lab on paper as a diagnostic system is small, disposable, and easy to use and requires no external equipment, reagents, or power sources. This kind of diagnostic system is attractive for use in developing countries, in the field, or as a low-cost alternative to more-advanced technologies already used in clinical diagnostics. Keywords: Lab-on-a-paper, Point-of-care, Visual detection, Clinical diagnostic, Disposable sensor
Highlights
The analysis of biological fluids in clinical practices is necessary for monitoring the health condition of peoples [1,2], but these measurements are difficult to implement in remote regions such as those found in less-industrialized countries, in the village and urban area, in emergency situations, or in home health-care settings [3]
We develop diagnostic kits based on paper by patterning paper to form defined areas of hydrophilic paper separated by hydrophobic lines or “walls” using screen printing technology at both sides; these patterns provide spatial control of biological fluids and enable fluid transport, without pumping, owing to capillary action in the millimeter-sized channels produced
Paper strips have been used in clinical analysis for decades because they offer an inexpensive platform for colorimetric chemical testing [11]
Summary
The analysis of biological fluids in clinical practices is necessary for monitoring the health condition of peoples [1,2], but these measurements are difficult to implement in remote regions such as those found in less-industrialized countries, in the village and urban area, in emergency situations, or in home health-care settings [3]. Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) [7, 8] the miniaturization of fluidic networks for chemical and biochemical processing and analysis—offers a means for mass-produced, low-cost, single-use (disposable) devices for screening and diagnostics, providing interpreted test results in a time frame of 10 to 60 min. These lab-on-a-chip diagnostics systems would use 10 to 1,000 pL of various types of clinical specimens including oral fluids, whole blood, serum, or urine, collected by minimally invasive methods. Sains Dasar 2016 5(1) 22 – 27 automated operation, short processing times, and near real-time reporting of results, reduced reagent consumption, reproducibility and consistency, reduced exposure to hazardous materials and infectious agents, minimal risk of sample contamination, convenient disposal, and low cost
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