Design and Characterization of the Fully Metallic Gap Waveguide-Based Frequency Selective Radome for Millimeter Wave Fixed Beam Array Antenna

Abstract

This article presents a bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS) radome based on fully metallic gap waveguide (GW) technology. The element of the proposed FSS radome consists of a conventional cross-dipole slot etched on metallic plates and positioned over a groove GW cavity. A design with a single GW-cavity layer was initially produced which was later optimized for performance, to comprise a dual GW-cavity layer, while considering both functionality and manufacturability. It is shown that the proposed FSS element offers a stable and wide bandpass (from 26 to 30 GHz) performance in the broadside direction for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. For oblique angle of incidence, the suggested FSS element works up to 30° with a reduction in usable bandpass bandwidth performance to 26–28 GHz for both TE and TM polarizations. A <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20 \times 20$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -element GW-FSS array prototype has been fabricated and measured, which was integrated with a fixed-beam array antenna to further validate its functionality as a filtering radome. The findings show an excellent agreement between simulations and measurements. Hence, the proposed GW-FSS represents a great opportunity to develop an all-metallic FSS with low insertion loss, sharp-roll-off filtering, wideband performance, and inexpensive fabrication cost.