Abstract
Surfactants have a great number of applications. Among these chemicals, petroleum sulfonates have been widely used due to their effectiveness in reducing interfacial tension. This is the case of sodium octylnaphthalene sulfonate which is a solid with a very low solubility in water. To overcome these drawbacks, this work aimed to synthesize new surface active ionic liquids based on a naphthalene sulfonate anion and traditional cations of these salts (imidazolium, pyrrolidinium, and pyridinium). The new chemicals showed high thermal stability, ionic liquid nature, and a stronger surfactant character than the original naphthalene. Moreover, they were found to be water soluble which greatly facilitates their application in the form of aqueous formulations. 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium 4-(n-octyl)naphthalene-1-sulfonate showed the best capacity to reduce water-air and water-oil interfacial tension.
Highlights
Surfactants are extensively used in the chemical industry and in daily life
The alkyl chains, functional groups, etc. a great number of chemical designs which improve the characteristics or the applicability of these chemicals are possible (Pirkwieser et al, 2018; Lethesh et al, 2019). With this idea in mind, and due to the interest in alkylnaphtalene sulfonate surfactants, the aim of this work is the design of new kinds of surfactants containing this anion and typical ionic liquids (ILs) cations
The desired cations were introduced by the corresponding metathesis reaction with previously synthesized simple ILs
Summary
Surfactants are extensively used in the chemical industry and in daily life. Applications include: detergents, emulsifiers, de-emulsifiers, dispersants, lubricant additives, wetting agents, corrosion inhibitors, foaming agents, enhancing additives in oil recovery, phase transfer or drug delivery agents, chemical reaction media (e.g., for micellar catalysis), etc. Most applications of surface active agents derive from two fundamental properties in aqueous solution: adsorption at the interface and aggregation. Adsorption at the air/water interface allows reduction of the surface tension and modification of wetting and foam-forming properties of the surfactant-containing water. Adsorption at the oil/water interface is the first step in emulsification, while at the interface of water with suspended solids, it affects flocculation and coagulation. The aggregation of surfactants is the basis of applications involving the formation of micelles, microemulsions, and liquid crystals. The study of the behavior of these chemicals in water is the first step in their application
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