Design and characterization of a circular sectored core cladding structured photonic crystal fiber with ultra-low EML and flattened dispersion in the THz regime

Abstract

Abstract A circular sectored core cladding structured photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is presented in this article, where core and cladding are sectored by few number of rectangles. The air fragments of core and cladding are constructed with circular manner that can facilitate the fabrication process. To design the porous core PCF and characterize the properties for THz wave propagation, finite element method based Comsol Multiphysics software version 5.3a is employed. It is shown that the presented design yields an ultra-low effective material loss (EML) of 0.0153 cm−1 with very flat dispersion of ±0.010 (ps/THz/cm) at optimum operating frequency of 1 THz, outperforming a number of recently reported designs in the literature. Additionally, it renders comparable low confinement loss, higher core power fraction, large effective area and exhibits single-mode fiber (SMF) characteristics. Further, since only few air fragments are used in core and cladding regions in a circular fashion, the proposed PCF geometry is feasible for fabrication by using stack and draw, extrusion, 3D printing, capillary stacking, sol-gel, or any other existing fabrication technique.