Abstract
X-ray shielding properties of Polyvinylidene chloride matrix filled with twelve single, and multi-metal nanoparticles (NPs) were studied using Geant4 Monte Carlo (MC) code. It was found that SnO2, CeO2, Sm2O3, and Gd2O3 containing nanocomposites indicated higher X-ray attenuation characteristics at 60, 80, 100, and 120 kVp energies, respectively. The shielding effectiveness of nanocomposites containing PbO and IrO2 was also decreased despite their increased density and mean atomic number. Based on the results, the nanocomposite containing NP with closer K-edge to the mean energy of X-ray spectra showed better shielding ability compared to other nanocomposites. Besides, 3.1–2 mm of newly designed CeO2/Gd2O3-PVDC nanocomposites with 30% multifiller content were equivalent to 0.25 mm Pb at 60–120 kVp energies, respectively. The advanced CeO2/Gd2O3-PVDC nanocomposite provided optimum shielding ability compared to single nanofiller nanocomposites over a wide energy range. Also, this multi-filler nanocomposite was 2–53.8% lighter than other Pb-based and non-Pb commercial shields, respectively.
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