Abstract
Bream pond aquaculture plays a very important role in China’s aquaculture industry and is the main source of aquatic products. To regulate and control pond water quality and sediment, a movable solar pond aquaculture water quality regulation machine (SMWM) was designed and used. This machine is solar-powered and moves on water, and its primary components are a solar power supply device, a sediment lifting device, a mechanism for walking on the water’s surface and a control system. The solar power supply device provides power for the machine, and the water walking mechanism drives the machine’s motion on the water. The sediment lifting device orbits the main section of the machine and affects a large area of the pond. Tests of the machine’s mechanical properties revealed that the minimum illumination necessary for the SMWM to function is 13,000 Lx and that its stable speed on the water is 0.02–0.03 m/s. For an illumination of 13,000–52,500 Lx, the sediment lifting device runs at 0.13–0.35 m/s, and its water delivery capacity is 110–208 m3/h. The sediment lifting device is able to fold away, and the angle of the suction chamber can be adjusted, making the machine work well in ponds at different water depths from 0.5 m to 2 m. The optimal distance from the sediment lifting device to the bottom of the pond is 10–15 cm. In addition, adjusting the length of the connecting rod and the direction of the traction rope allows the SMWM to work in a pond water area greater than 80%. The analysis of water quality in Wuchang bream (Parabramis pekinensis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) culture ponds using the SMWM resulted in decreased NH3+–N and available phosphorus concentrations and increased TP concentrations. The TN content and the amount of available phosphorus in the sediment were reduced. In addition, the fish production showed that the SMWM enhanced the yields of Wuchang bream and silver carp by more than 30% and 24%, respectively. These results indicate that the SMWM may be suitable for Wuchang bream pond aquaculture in China and that it can be used in pond aquaculture for regulating and controlling water quality.
Highlights
Freshwater pond aquaculture is the major culture method in China; the freshwater aquaculture ponds have an area of 2,623,176 ha, and freshwater aquaculture produced 19,887,462 t in 2014 in China [1]
The results showed that when the solar mobile water qualityregulation machine (SMWM) began to run, dark-brown water gushed from the sediment lifting device when the light intensity exceeded 13,000 Lx
The connecting rod was very strong, and the sediment lifting device stagnated when the speed of the SMWM was greater than 0.05 m/s; adjusting the connecting rod showed that this was due to too much stress deformation
Summary
Freshwater pond aquaculture is the major culture method in China; the freshwater aquaculture ponds have an area of 2,623,176 ha, and freshwater aquaculture produced 19,887,462 t in 2014 in China [1]. Blunt-nose bream is one of the most dominant seven fish species in freshwater aquaculture of China, which provide much more fish production than any other country [2]. The bream has another name of Wuchang bream (Parabramis pekinensis). The presence of a significant amount of organic matter in pond sediment leads to polluted water and produces excess amounts of ammonium, nitrite, hydrogen sulphide and other harmful substances, which can influence the safety of aquaculture [4]. To improve the environment in aquaculture ponds, methods for processing sediment are often selected from mechanical dredging, bottom aeration, probiotics, and chemical treatments [10]. A great deal of power is required to drive this material, which undoubtedly significantly increases the cost of aquaculture
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