Design and Analysis of Universal Joint to Enhanced Performance in Electric Vehicles - A Review

Abstract

The rapid evolution of electric vehicles (EVs) has necessitated a comprehensive reevaluation of critical components, particularly the universal joint (U-joint), which plays a pivotal role in transmitting power from electric motors to the wheels. This review meticulously examines the existing literature on the design and analysis of U-joints, with a primary focus on enhancing performance in the context of electric vehicles. Challenges unique to EVs, including higher torque demands and variable speeds, underscore the urgency for optimized U-joint designs. Material advancements and manufacturing techniques, analytical tools, and innovative designs are explored, considering their potential to address these challenges. Smart technologies, such as sensors and condition monitoring systems, are integrated into the discussion, offering insights into real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance strategies. Environmental considerations, case studies, and practical implementations are also deliberated upon. The literature review concludes with a forward-looking perspective, identifying future trends and recommending areas for continued research and development in the pursuit of achieving enhanced U-joint performance for electric vehicles. This synthesis of research findings serves as a valuable resource for engineers, researchers, and industry professionals engaged in advancing the efficiency and reliability of electric propulsion systems.