DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF UNDER TUNNEL IN IRRIGATION CANAL SYSTEM

Abstract

Modern irrigation equipment and adequate structure are required to do an efficient job of irrigation. When these requirements are met, water can be controlled easily and many man hours of labor with a shovel will be saved. Control begins at the diversion dam which is built into the stream or channel. It diverts the desired amount of water to the ditches and permits surplus or high water to by-pass without damage to the dam or the channel. Head gates, checks, drops, waste way and other devices are required at critical points in the ditch through which the water flows to the farm. These are necessary to prevent washouts and channel erosion. Every farm requires a different set of structures and equipment. For this reason the devices fat controlling irrigation should be carefully planned to fit the needs of the farm. Some of the needed structures can be built in place by the farmer' out of concrete and wood. Many of the smaller structures such as head gates and turnouts are now being made commercially of concrete and steel. When the canal is running in partial or full embankment and there is no sufficient head way to pass the discharge of drain below the canal then an Under Tunnel may be proposed. That is if the (MFL +Freeboard) of drain is above the bed level of canal, then a barrel will be provided below the canal bed level by depressing the bed level of the drain. The main purpose of preparing this structure design is to provide safe passage of canal water across the stream, valley, river or nallas to farming lands to create better irrigation potential.