Design and Analysis of Lead-Free Tin-Halide-Based All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cell for High Efficiency

Abstract

This research work presents a lead-free, environment-friendly, tin-halide-based perovskite solar cell (PSC). In our research, we employed Cs2SnI6 as an absorber layer, which is coupled with several different inorganic electron transport layers (ETLs) and hole transport layers (HTLs) for experimental purposes. These various permutations of the device structure are simulated and optimized in the SCAPS-1D simulator to achieve the highest possible efficiency. In our work, we suggested the architecture of ZnO/Cs2SnI6/Cu2O which is the most suitable for effective and long-lasting PSCs with exceptional device performance. In addition, we investigated and evaluated the impact of several parameters like HTLs, ETLs, absorber thicknesses, defect densities, operating temperature and series resistance over device performance. The proposed configuration displayed excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 30.11% with 1.49[Formula: see text]V, 27.25 mA/cm2 and 73.66% of open-circuit voltage ([Formula: see text], short-circuit current ([Formula: see text] and fill factor (FF), respectively, and is pertinent for lead-less, tin-halide-based PSCs in the future.