Abstract
The treatment for mosquito-borne viral diseases such as dengue virus (DENV), zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has become difficult due to delayed diagnosis processes. In addition, sharing the same transmission media and similar symptoms at the early stage of infection of these diseases has become more critical for early diagnosis. To overcome this, a common platform that can identify the virus with high sensitivity and selectivity, even for the different serotypes, is in high demand. In this study, we have attempted an electrochemical impedimetric method to detect the ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV using their corresponding antibody-conjugated sensor electrodes. The significance of this method is emphasized on the fabrication of a common matrix of gold–polyaniline and sulfur, nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot nanocomposites (Au-PAni-N,S-GQDs), which have a strong impedimetric response based only on the conjugated antibody, resulting in minimum cross-reactivity for the detection of various mosquito-borne viruses, separately. As a result, four serotypes of DENV and ZIKV, and CHIKV have been detected successfully with an LOD of femtogram mL−1.
Highlights
The severity of mosquito-borne diseases is a global threat caused by protozoa, viruses, or parasites, resulting in nearly 700 million illnesses and over one million deaths each year [1]
Sulfuric acid, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer, aniline, toluene, potassium hydroxide (KOH), hydrochloric acid (HCL), methanol, ethanol, citric acid anhydrous, thiourea, and acetone were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka, Japan)
Au nanoparticles (AuNPs)-PAni nanocomposites were synthesized via interfacial self-oxidation–reduction polymerization with HAuCl4 as an aqueous oxidant and the polyaniline as a monomer in the organic toluene layer [35]
Summary
The severity of mosquito-borne diseases is a global threat caused by protozoa, viruses, or parasites, resulting in nearly 700 million illnesses and over one million deaths each year [1]. The annual epidemic for protozoa-caused malaria has been a deadly problem in tropical regions since the nineteenth century. Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are vector-borne human viral pathogens, sharing the same vectors of Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus [5,6]. The fatality of these viral diseases is significantly high, especially in highly populated regions due to their fast transmission rates and delays in initial diagnosis.
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