Design and Analysis of a Novel Piezoceramic Stack-based Smart Aggregate.

Guangtao Lu,Tao Wang,Xin Zhu,Zhiqiang Hao,Bohai Tan

doi:10.3390/s20226438

Guangtao Lu, Tao Wang + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226438

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Abstract

A novel piezoceramic stack-based smart aggregate (PiSSA) with piezoceramic wafers in series or parallel connection is developed to increase the efficiency and output performance over the conventional smart aggregate with only one piezoelectric patch. Due to the improvement, PiSSA is suitable for situations where the stress waves easily attenuate. In PiSSA, the piezoelectric wafers are electrically connected in series or parallel, and three types of piezoelectric wafers with different electrode patterns are designed for easy connection. Based on the theory of piezo-elasticity, a simplified one-dimensional model is derived to study the electromechanical, transmitting and sensing performance of PiSSAs with the wafers in series and parallel connection, and the model was verified by experiments. The theoretical results reveal that the first resonance frequency of PiSSAs in series and parallel decreases as the number or thickness of the PZT wafers increases, and the first electromechanical coupling factor increases firstly and then decrease gradually as the number or thickness increases. The results also show that both the first resonance frequency and the first electromechanical coupling factor of PiSSA in series and parallel change no more than 0.87% as the Young’s modulus of the epoxy increases from 0.5 to 1.5 times 3.2 GPa, which is helpful for the fabrication of PiSSAs. In addition, the displacement output of PiSSAs in parallel is about 2.18–22.49 times that in series at 1–50 kHz, while the voltage output of PiSSAs in parallel is much less than that in parallel, which indicates that PiSSA in parallel is much more suitable for working as an actuator to excite stress waves and PiSSA in series is suitable for working as a sensor to detect the waves. All the results demonstrate that the connecting type, number and thickness of the PZT wafers should be carefully selected to increase the efficiency and output of PiSSA actuators and sensors. This study contributes to providing a method to investigate the characteristics and optimize the structural parameters of the proposed PiSSAs.

Highlights

Nowadays, more and more civil infrastructure is undergoing condition deterioration due to age-related degradation [1], fatigue [2,3,4], impact load [5], corrosion [6,7], environmental conditions, etc
All the results demonstrate that the connecting type, number and thickness of the PZT wafers should be carefully selected to increase the efficiency and output of piezoceramic stack-based smart aggregate (PiSSA) actuators and sensors
In the proposed PiSSA, the single piezoelectric wafer in the traditional smart aggregate (SA) is replaced by a piezoelectric stack, where the piezoelectric wafers are electrically connected in series or parallel connections

Summary

Introduction

More and more civil infrastructure is undergoing condition deterioration due to age-related degradation [1], fatigue [2,3,4], impact load [5], corrosion [6,7], environmental conditions, etc. The challenges of deteriorating civil infrastructure call for developing reliable and cost-effective solutions to structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure. Sensors 2020, 20, 6438 to provide solutions to real-time monitoring and early warning of civil infrastructure [12,13] by using various sensors, such as strain gauges [14,15], piezoelectric transduces [16,17], optical fiber sensors [18,19], etc. After the detected signal is processed, the health state of the structure is evaluated, and early warnings are alerted if the structure is in danger

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