Design and analysis of a metamaterial based biosensor to determine blood glucose concentration

Abstract

In this paper, a biosensor utilizing metamaterials is designed and simulated to detect blood glucose concentration. The proposed sensor comprised of a microstrip patch antenna designed on a Rogers RT5880 substrate. A circular-shaped complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) cell is integrated onto the patch of the antenna which acts as the sensing region. The sensor is analyzed in order to ascertain the blood glucose concentration ranging from 50-300 mg/dL in a human finger model. The sensing parameter is amplitude of reflection coefficient, which exhibits variation in response to alterations in the dielectric characteristics of the sample being tested. The Cole-Cole relaxation model is employed to predict the dielectric properties of different finger tissues. An analysis of the characteristics of the CSRR was conducted to illustrate its significance in the realm of glucose detection. The glucose level is determined through the utilization of a linear regression model that describes the relationship between the reflection coefficient of the sensor and glucose level. The sensor demonstrates an impressive sensitivity of 1.792 dB per (mgdL<sup>-1</sup>) and has the ability of determining glucose levels with a good accuracy, as verified by the application of Clarke error grid. This sensor exhibits enhanced performance compared to some other recent glucose sensors.