Abstract
Low-cost mechanical ventilators have been developed in order to deal with the shortage of traditional ventilators whose quantity is not sufficient in an emergency context in Perú. Protofy, a company from Spain, designed one of the first low-cost mechanical ventilation systems OxyGEN which was approved by a medicine agency in its country in special context of COVID 19. Therefore, as main of this article, a redesign of this system named OxygenIP.PE was carried out according to local requirements and available technology, but maintaining its working concept based on compression mechanism by cams. Sensors were added and a control algorithm of the respiratory rate was developed. Ventilation curves monitoring over time was implemented; in this sense, a mathematical model of the whole system was developed. OxygenIP.PE was redesigned, fabricated, and tested measuring its ventilation curves over time. Results indicate that this redesign provides a sturdy equipment able to work during a longer lifetime than the original. The replicability of the ventilation curves behavior is ensured, while the mechanism dimensions are adapted for a particular airbag resuscitator. The mathematical model of the whole system can satisfactorily determine the ventilation curves over time and is used to show the air pressure, volume, and flow as a function of the compression arm's angular position and differential pressure through the breathing circuit measurement, furthermore the algorithms designed as a consequence of the mathematical model were implemented for Raspberry and ARDUINO microcontrollers. There were obtained parameters of pressure 10–65 cmH2O, airflow 50–65 l/m, volume 0–0.5 l, at two values of beat per minute (BPM) 15 and 25.
Highlights
The first ventilator prototypes were studied many years ago aiming to supply mechanical ventilation for patients [1], to solve the “artificial respiration” problem under emergencies such as respiratory insufficiency
A medical flow meter was used for measuring ventilation curves and the results are shown in Figure 11, Figure and Figure for the different characteristics of the artificial lung
The relation between the ventilation variables: volume, pressure and flow are manifested according to the cam size, a higher cam size produces a higher value of the ventilation curves for the same lung characteristics
Summary
The first ventilator prototypes were studied many years ago aiming to supply mechanical ventilation for patients [1], to solve the “artificial respiration” problem under emergencies such as respiratory insufficiency. In parallel to the development of big artificial respiration equipment, practical models were researched and designed. One of these models was known as Pulmotor [1], which supplied oxygen to the patient by periods. New concepts for artificial breathing equipment were proposed, such as mixing CO2 with oxygen for patient treatment. Notwithstanding, this particular application was analyzed carefully before developing commercial models owing to avoid the excess of CO2 in the patient
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